H5N1 Avian Flu RESEARCH and the Ethics of KNOWLEDGE.
WORKING PAPER H5N1: A Case Study for Dual-Use Research. Gigi Kwik Gronvall. July 2013. CFR wishes to thank the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Robina Foundation for their support of the Dual -Use Research of Concern project. The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its.
After months of controversy and debate, scientists who created a deadly mutated form of the H5N1 strain of the avian influenza have published their research.Much to the disappointment of many in the bio-terrorism community, these scientists have made available the exact steps they took to create a mutated version of the H5N1 virus.
This paper discusses impacts of climate change on the ecology of avian influenza viruses (AI viruses), which presumably co-evolved with migratory water birds, with virus also persisting outside.
A preparedness plan for avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection was activated in Lebanon in 2016 after reported cases in poultry. Exposed persons were given prophylaxis and monitored daily. A total of 185 exposed persons were identified: 180 received prophylaxis, 181 were monitored, and 41 suspected cases were reported. All collected specimens were negative for virus by PCR.
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection: a comparative analysis. This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Basic, Clinical, and Social Medicine” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.
Fouchier's team started with an H5N1 virus collected in Indonesia and used reverse genetics to introduce mutations that have been shown in previous research to make H5N1 viruses more human-like in how they bind to airway cells or in other ways. Avian flu viruses prefer to bind to alpha2,3-linked sialic acid receptors on cells, whereas human flu viruses prefer alpha2,6-linked receptors. In both.
This paper examines the role of the WHO in global health diplomacy and the promotion of global health security by examining the Indonesian virus-sharing case. In 2007, the Indonesian government pulled out of the Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN), concerned that its strains of H5N1 would be used to make vaccines in the high-income countries which would then be “resold” to.
H5N1 influenza virus. Conclusion: The paper concludes with philosophical (ethical) justification for continuation of this research. Keywords: Influenza, Fouchier, Kawaoka, NSABB, H5N1, Ethics Introduction The ethical question at issue The year 2011 ended with significant concern about pro-spective publication of troubling results of research on a strain of H5N1 avian influenza virus, such that.
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The 2009 H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses are newly (re-) emerged influenza A viruses (2009 A(H1N1) and A(H5N1), respectively) that have recently posed tremendous health threats in many regions worl.
To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in its transcontinental spread, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of 36 recent influenza A (H5N1) viruses collected from birds in Europe, northern Africa, and southeastern Asia. These sequences, among the first complete genomes of influenza (H5N1) viruses outside Asia, clearly depict.
Scientists from the University of Colorado at Boulder and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed an inexpensive “gene chip” test based on a single influenza virus gene that could allow scientists to quickly identify flu viruses, including avian influenza H5N1. The researchers used the MChip to detect H5N1 in samples collected over a three-year period from.
The deadly disease known as bird flu or avian influenza is caused by the H5N1 strain of type A influenza virus; the H5N1 strain was first isolated from terns in South Africa in 1961 and is now regarded as being common in waterfowl such as wild ducks; unfortunately, these wild fowl subsequently infect domesticated birds such as chickens, and the disease is virulent among this population (Ford.
A voluntary 60-day pause on avian H5N1 influenza virus transmission research was announced in January 2012 by the international community of influenza scientists engaged in this work to provide time to explain the benefits of such work and the risk mitigation measures in place. Subsequently, the pause was extended to allow for time for review of the biosafety and biosecurity conditions. After.
This white paper determined the generally accepted time and temperature requirements for inactivation of the H5N1 virus in meat and poultry products. It reviewed non-thermal methods for inactivation of the H5N1 virus and their effectiveness and practicality in meat and poultry matrices. Finally, data gaps regarding inactivation of these viruses were identified.
Genetic characterization as it applies to flu research is the study of the genes of a flu virus using a laboratory process known as “genome sequencing.” Through genome sequencing researchers can determine the order of the amino acids that form the proteins of a flu virus. Comparing the order of amino acids in one sequence to other sequences can reveal variations that might impact.
Extensive research has been performed to understand the molecular viral mechanisms involved in the H5N1 pathogenesis in humans, providing interesting insights about the virus-host interaction and the regulation of the innate immune response by these highly pathogenic viruses. In this review we summarize and discuss the most important findings in this field, focusing mainly on H5N1 virulence.